Program control apparatus



April 25, 1950 T. G. GILLEY PROGRAM CONTROL APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed oct.,A 5, 1945 A TTR/VE Y `April 25, 1950 T. G. GILLEY 5059033 PROGRAM coNTRoL APPARATUS A Filed oct. s, 1945 4 sheets-sheet 2 Y0/AM A rra/w15 Y 4 Sheets-,Sheet 3 T. G. GILLEY PROGRAM CONTROL APPARATUS l /NVENTo/Q Y 7T 6. 6MM- Y ATTORNEY mlm@ April 25, 1950 Filed oct. 5, 1945 T. e. GILLEY PROGRAM CONTROL APPARATUS April 25, 195o 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 /NVENTR Y 7 6. 6M EY Filed Ocl'.. 5, 1945 OOON u ,ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 25, 1950 v -PRGRM CONTROLAPPARATUS ly.Thomas(V'rrady Gvilrley; Cran'forlvlJ., assignor to Western vElectric Company,ncorporated, New

" york? N. aicorp'orationof NewYork .Y applicatitn october' 5, 1945. serial'No; 620.606

j jjfceisimst (creas-(46). l

This `invention relates to. teniperatu'ref` control systemsand more. particularly to ya program con- Jtrol apparatus orl automatic rate of .changecontroller for usewith anytiming mechanism. .Y

@The programocontrol` apparatuses. heretofore available have ,-had. operating;r limitations which in some instances have restricted the use ..of the controlequipment .topa `single specific program and, in other instances, `.it ,has .-beennecessary to providean individual-.cutcam forgeachrdifferent I l control. service or to have. an operator. Watchv the controls and kchange 1 the yadjustment or control point at'. regular intervals. f l

An 4object' of;` the'rpresent l.invention is to; pro.-

videasinple device forcontrolling automatically *"7" .2g in the SamedireCf-,ono that the 'lower 15g 'theiheating rate and/orcoolingrate 4ora-heating device at any. predetermined .value in degrees :per unitofntime; -f H A' In accordance withoneembodiirient,v the prese ent'invention `provides acontrol system having a engages thegteeth of `the I-Jtchet` Wheel. y

lprogram control apparatus' for w automatically changing at 'predetermined intervals the `control point lofpyrometersf or other devices yassociated with a timer fo'r'fa heat treating furnace .wherein arm carrying? a two-'way pawl for selectively *engagingV a 'predetermined number? of` teeth of 'an 'adjustable ratchetwheel v'for L operating vthe heat control in a selective"direction in'accordance with ratchet wheelisoontrolled'by limit posts mounted on an'index"discwhieh-is adjustablefso that any :desired rate of change can be accomplished and be r adily readjustedfor 'a new condition. f fi;-In'ithedrawingsvv "f" ay -r Fig.` l isf "a fschematic'diagram Yof the Y"system and apparatus 'employed' in' practicing thefinfvention,

'2 'efe-.pian ver eine..referieren device". 1 311s. a cross-Serbien@ .v'iewieken 01.1111?? .3e-13. rdf.' Figli .211.00kins n". the' direction bf. the

, l g'. 5' is a chart showing Y ai controlled heating ratejand controlled 'cpoiingjfrfate achieved with the program 'control'devi Nascompared with the normal or' uncontrolled Y'heating and "cooling rates.

, Referringfnowtoftlie ldrawings"wherein like reference numerals :indicate the` "seme barbs thrfouglilout the *several ivi'ews; I II designatesV an adjustable program controlmdevifcle or ratei "of l y ehenseqnroller having ashaft "II (Eiga. 1,

zender ontojwnicn aresudamy fitted' @clocking collarfl2, a space sleeve I3,v `j awasher 11,4, an arm I 5, a V.washer ,I 6 'a Vratchet wheel 4`I ',I, n an index disc ',Ij8`; abase plate IS, anda secondlocking collar 2o, y In"operative"association Awiththe teeth of j ...elettrica hiaggfaiifefjihe @han ratchetwheel I'I isa two-way or double leg pawl 2l .whichis 'pivotably `mounted'on the 'underside of thearrn I5. `The pawl` 2I Vmay be held operativeeither to therightor .left by the tension applied by a coil.. spring 22.2..'l This spring is coiled aboutanupstandingthreaded stud 23 secured totheout'erfend of the`arn'1 I5. The lower end ,ofA vthe ,coilspring '22 passesinto an aperture V2li' A.inthefou't'er end of the pawlZLf The upper end of the coilfrsprin'g 22 ltsintov a hole 25 or'l a nut 25 threaded on thev stud 2,3.,A knurled nut 2'I (Fig. V3) servestolock theA nutA 2.6 and spring 22 ina desired position.` Rotation of the nut 26 counterclockvviseturnsthe spring 22 andthe pawl oftheipawlengagesthe teeth of the ratchet wheel Il .as shown inFig..2. Clockwise rotation ofthe nutzt.4 turns thespring 22 and the pawl 2| clockwise soathat the up'per leg of the pawl-then The'ratchetrwheel* II is secured to the shaft H byia' key v3|]. Positioned beneath the ratchet wheel and freelyfrotatable about the shaft II is the indexdisc `I8A`which carries two stop pins 'at predetermined intervalsasolenoid operates an 35 and 32 for limiting the arcuatemovement of thearm' E5 and its associated pawl 2l The position of theSestQp'pins 3 I'-'32 is varied by rotating the index discls about-the shaft within the a predetermined programmThe' movement'of the hunts of an arcuate smi-'33m the Index also A knurled headed lscrew 34 is threaded into the base plate I9. and cooperates Withthe arcuate slot 33 `tolclamp the indexv disc I8 in an adjusted position.' i p f Asshovvn in Fig. 2, the index disc I8 is providedviitha'scale 35 extendingclockwise from a vzero (.0)Y marl; and alsofwith asimilar scale 3B extendingfcloclnifise iromnthe left end of the rst scale. V#FlieseA scales .I are associated .with a ixed .index marl-1-3`l` on the base plate I9` and are used yto determinegthe position of the disc I8 and the stopv pins..3i -32 to., control the distance vand directionio movement Vof the arm y5 and its .pawlvZif4 p `'I'.heoilter` end of the arm,y I Eis provided. with returns the-farmi I5t0 normal position as indicated inY dottedlihe's in` Fig..2. The other end fof thefT. portion off the'arm I is secured to a movable' core "'42 of aJ solenoid 43 having a stop @te `on vthe corel 52 (Figsl 1 :and '4). 'The solenoid :isvfcontro'iled by'ia cohventionaltiming mechanism" fili. With the solenoid'oore 42 and spring connected to the' Tshaped portiont as shown Eig; 21, ther stop pi'n`3! 'is used in Vconjunction with the stopf'on the solenoid i3 to control the ldegreey oi'movement ofarm I5 andpawlJZI as .of temperature. with' the pointer arm 48 is a coil 5I connected to electrical current in the `control circuit 52.

iii

headed screw 34 is then turned to clamp the index disc I8 in this set position.

The nut 25 on the controlapparatus I 5 is then turned counterclockwse to bias the spring 22 in that direction so that the lower leg of the pawl V2l engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel as end of portion 58 now shown connectedrto the solenoid core l2 wherebystop .pin .32 will-now serve to limit the movemento arm l5 and pawl 2| in conjunction with the stop i5 on the solenoid core l2 as indicated on the scale 36 in 1coth heating and cooling phases.

The lower end of shaft l I of the program control Ydevice i8 is securedfto a control point setting .shaft (Figxi) of a millivolt type indicating and controlling pyrometer @lj This pyrometer may loe provided with a radio frequency type control circuit or the .pyrometer may be any other type of, commercially available temperature controller. Secured to the setting shaft. 6 and rotatable therewith is an arm i8 carrying a pointerfli) which cooperates with a scale 5l) calibrated ,in degrees Also mounted on Yand movable a 'control circuit 52 of the pyrorneter il?.

A'temperature indicating pointer 5ft of the pyrometer is controlled by a thermocouple 55 positioned in a furnace 59 whose-temperature is to be controlled. Thepointer 55A carries a metal iiag 55 which, when it enters the coil 5l, sets up an This control circuitl then operates. a relay (not shown butwhich is. standard .equipment in pyrometers) to. open contacts 5S to disconnect power. from a transiormrl which supplies current toa heating uniti in the furnace 5S.. The furnace teiniperature ythen drops slightly and the thermocou- .the control circuit 52 is not operated thus permittingthe pyrometer relay to close the load'circuit through contacts 53 to the .transformer 5l. En-

ergization ofthe transformer transmits electric current to theheating unit. 53 in the furnace. Theiurnace again heats up until the metal ag -55 again rcauses operation 'of the control circuit 52 `to disconnect power from the heating unit in the furnace. Again the metal ag is moved from the coil 5i to cause reheating of the furnace and the above procedure continues until after the passage of a predetermined time when the timer fifi has rotated its insulated cam 50 to bring lobe Si into position to close a normally open electrical contact 62. The closing-of this contact energizes the solenoidl which operates the pawl 2l to rotate theshafts il and 46 and move the pointer iii and its control coil 5| a predetermined number of degrees on the scale 56 to a new setting whereupon the preceding operations are repeated'.

Referring now to the chart of Fig. 5 the operation of the program control apparatus will be describedin obtaining the controlled heating rate and the controlled cooling rate indicated thereon. To set the programr control; devicel to obtain Athe controlled vheating rateshown in Fig, it will oe assumed that eachtooth on the ratchet wheel Il represents one division on the pyrometer scale 55, which division equals twenty (2G) degrees Fahrenheit. To increase the heating rate 180 or 9 teeth on the ratchet wheel il vevery twenty (2S) minutes, the index disc i8 is set so that the index mark 3l (Fig. 2) isV inalignment with vthe number 9`position on the scale35. The knurled r' shown in Figs. 2 and 4. With the timer it adjusted to close contact 52 every twenty (20) minutes the solenoid 43 will be energized three times every hour. Each Voperation of the solenoid 43 moves the pawl 2l idly over nine (9) teeth on the ratchetrwheel in a clockwise direction from the stop pin 3i. The lobe 6l of cam 65 immediately rotates out of contact closing position and permits contact 62 to open to deenergize solenoid .53. When this occurs, spring 40 pulls the arm l5 and pawll in a counterclockwise direction thereby rotating ratchet wheel Il, and shafts Il and i5 countercloclrwiseuntil arm l5 engages stop pin 5l. This counterclockwise rotation of shaft l5- nio-ves arm fili, pointer i9 'and coil 5i upscale '18() degrees to obtain a higher temperature in the furnace.

The'metal flag 55 is-then moved away from the coil 5i and control circuit 52 operates the pyrometer .relay to close the contacts 53 to. supply power to the electrical heating unit 53 as hereinbeiore d crihed. Theheating unit 53 continues to heat tl e furnace until theA temperature indicating pointer 55.4 carries the metal iiagy 5? into the control coil 5i. Again the control circuit 52 disconnects powerr from; the furnace heating unit by opening the contacts 53./ The furnace is thus maintained at the temperature at; .which the pointer dil, and Vcoil 5i isset untilthe passage of another twentyv (20)` minuteswhen the timer ill again closes contact 52 to energize the lsolenoid i3k toeect the turning oi the ratchet wheel il andsettingshaft i5 through another-nine divisionsv (180) on the scale 59.' Thus the pointer .49 and the control` coil 5i is set upscale Yanother 180 to a higher temperature indication whereupon tlle metal-flag is'niovedy away irorn coil 5i and the control circuit 52 again causes the closing of contacts 53 to supply power tothe heating unit 55 in the furnace.

These intermittent heating periods and the step -bystep movements oi the setting 'control coil 5| continues every twenty (2.0) minutes until the temperature point A is reached on the chart of Fig. 5. When the temperature yin the furnace reaches the-point A- thetimer. mechanism iii is disconnected so-that the solenoid i3 and the control device Hl is rendered non-operative. rThis is accomplished-ley the provisionof amicroswitch which is adjustable into any predetermined position along the arcuate. path of travel ci the pointer Withthe .microswitch '55 positioned at the point corresponding to the temperature A oiFig. 5, the pointer .d2 operates .themicroswitch at that point to open its contacts 56 to disconnect power tothe timerA mechanism dit. rlxhe microswitch 65 yalso .closesanother .set of. contacts 5l' which lights a .pilot light ,68 to .notify .the atmy tendant that thee. temperature hasbeen reached in the furnace.

Y heattendantthen-permits.thetemperatnre A to be maintained for. a .g-v'en'period of and then headjusts the .programcontrol device Il) to control the cooling rate in accordance with line B on the chart of Fig, 5.

To set the program control device IS to obtain the controlledv-coolingrate B" (Fig, 5), the loci; nut 27 (Fig. 3) is loosened and the nut Z5 is turned clockwise to bias the spring 22 in the .same direction which causes the upperleg of pawl 2| to engage the teeth of ratchet wheel I1. Lock nut 21 is then tightened to hold the pawl 2| in this adjusted position.

Knurled headed screw 34 is then loosened and index disc I8 is set at a point on scale 35 relative to the xed index mark 31 on the base plate I9 according to the required number of teeth on the ratchet wheel which determines the number of degrees cooling rate per given unit of time. That is, if the disc |8 is set so that index point 10 on the scale 35 is in alignment with mark 31, then stop post 3| will be positioned to limit the counterclockwise movement of arm I5. With this adjustment the program control device I0 is now set to move the pyrometer control pointerl 49 and control coil 5| down the scale 50 at the rate of ten (10) divisions or 200 for each stroke of the solenoid 43 at predetermined intervals as determined by the operation of the timer mechanism 44, the solenoid 43, the rate of change controller l0 and pyrometer il in a manner similar to that described in obtaining the controlled heating rate of Fig. 5.

If a particular furnace is normally manually controlled, then the automatic program control device or rate of change controller I0 may be connected to a variable transformer, a rheostat, a reactor or other voltage changer to control the voltage applled to the heating unit.

What is claimed is:

1. In a temperature control system, a heating means, a pyrometer connected to the heating means and having a settable control point for controlling the heating means, and a rate of change controller for setting the temperature control point of the pyrometer at predetermined intervals in accordance with desired programs, said controller comprising a ratchet wheel for changing the control point of the pyrometer, a two-way pawl for operating the ratchel wheel in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction to decrease or increase the temperature by changing the said control point, means for biasing the pawl to operate the ratchet in a given direction, an adjustable means for controlling the extent of movement of the pawl, and means for operating the pawl at predetermined intervals to move the ratchet wheel through a given distance as determined by the said adjustable control means so as to vary the position of the said control point.

2. In a temperature control system, a temperature controller including a control pointer for regulating the heat to a means to be controlled, a rate of change controller including a pawl and a ratchet for automatically setting the control pointer to different control temperatures in accordance with a predetermined program, a solenoid for operating the rate of change controller, an adjustable electrically controlled timer for operating the solenoid at predetermined intervals, and means positioned adjacent the temperature controller for rendering the timer non-operative when a predetermined adjustment is attained by the control pointer.

3. In a movement mechanism, a timing mechanism, an operating means controlled by the timing mechanism at predetermined intervals, a two-way pawl actuate by the operating means, a ratchet actuated by the pawl, means for biasing the pawl to operate the ratchet in one of two directions, and adjustable means for controlling the movement of the pawl so that any desired degree of movement can be achieved by the ratchet.

4. A rate of change controller comprising a base, a shaft rotatably mounted therein and adapted to be connected to a means to be controlled in accordance with a predetermined program, means for actuating the shaft, timing means for controlling said actuating means, an adjustable means rotatably mounted on the shaft i and controlling the extent of movement of the actuating means, and means for holding the adjustable means in an adjusted position relative to the base to move the shaft through a desired xed distance.

5. A program controller including a-base, a shaft rotatably mounted on the base, an index disc mounted on the shaft and rotatable relative thereto, a plurality of stop pins secured to the disc, means for clamping the disc to the base in predetermined positions, a ratchet wheel keyed to the shaft, an arm rotatably mounted on the shaft, a two-Way pawl pivotally mounted on the arm to engage the teeth on the ratchet wheel, spring means for biasing the pawl to rotate the ratchet wheel either clockwise or counterclockwise, and means for moving the arm and pawl carried thereby to rotate the ratchet wheel and shaft a predetermined distance as determined by the position of one of the stop pins.

6. In a temperature program controller, a heating means, a pyrometer connected to the heating means and having a settable control pointer for controlling the heating means, and a rate of change controller for setting the temperature control pointer at predetermined intervals in accordance with desired programs, said rate of change controller comprising a ratchet wheel for changing the setting of the control pointer of the pyrometer, a two-way pawl for operating the ratchet clockwise and counterclockwise to decrease or increase the temperature by changing the setting of the control pointer, spring means for biasing the pawl to rotate the ratchet clockwise or counterclockwise, means for locking the spring means in a predetermined biased position, adjustable means for controlling the movement of the pawl to vary the extent of movement of the ratchet wheel and the movement of the said pointer to control the heating means, and electrically controlled timing means for operating the pawl and ratchet at predetermined intervals.

THOMAS GRADY GILLEY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 10,394 Page Jan. 3, 1854 1,557,098 Roesch Oct. 13, 1925 1,715,987 Brown June 4, 1929 1,946,280 Harrison Feb. 6, 1934 1,964,909 Garity July 3, 1934 2,213,908 Goldstein Sept. 3, 1940 2,232,202 Bean Feb. 18, 1941 2,259,877 Cary Oct. 21, 1941 2,279,504 Persons Apr. 14, 1942 2,300,954 McMaster Nov. 3, 1942 2,304,514 Sutton Dec. 8, 1942 2,348,497 Ray May 9, 1944 2,377,551 Harvey June 5, 1945 

